From everyday consumer goods to infrastructure and transportation industries, sheet metal fabrication is used in a wide range of applications. This method goes into various processes and helps in forming complex structures and shapes of sheet metal in various configurations.
Sheet metal fabrication is considered as a versatile technique which produces a wide range of metal products such as automotive parts, frames, ventilation systems and many more. Now, the question arises why common materials are used and what are the mostly used materials in this method?
In today’s blog, we will get to know the answer to these questions and a brief overview of sheet metal fabrication and the common materials used in the process. Let’s begin!
What is Sheet Metal Fabrication?
The process of creating thin, flat metal sheets, also known as sheet metal, comes in a variety of configurations and structures, and is known as sheet metal fabrication. It is a process of creating shapes and design including aluminum, titanium, steel, copper, tin, brass etc. Silver, gold and platinum are good ornamental metals. It is made of thin sheet, from which a variety of items with different thickness can be constructed. It creates customized metal parts that meet your specific requirements and allows for tailored and precise solutions for your projects.
This method is often less costly than any other manufacturing methods like casting or machining. It also offers surface finish options, scalability, flexibility and others. It also provides quick production of the products as its process involves fewer steps. Sheet metal fabrication reduces environmental impact and promotes Eco-friendliness by generating less waste compared to other constructing processes.
Top 6 Common Materials Used in Sheet Metal Fabrication
1. Steel
Different types of steel are used in sheet metal fabrication. They are as follows:
A) Carbon Steel
Carbon steel is widely used as a common material in sheet metal fabrication for a range of products. Due to its high-carbon content, it makes the sheet favorable to deformation, resistant and scratching under force or heat. Carbon steel is a recyclable and environmentally friendly material which can be reused in various applications.
Its lower melting point and improved strength and durability makes it suitable for various processes such as brazing, heat treating and welding. However, it is important to note that carbon steel may increase the chances of brittleness and minimize the weldability.
So, it is essential to select the best carbon steel grade for your sheet metal fabrication project. A36, A1011, A1008 and A572 are some of the well-known options of stainless steel grade used in sheet metal fabrication.
B) Stainless Steel
Stainless steel’s unique combination of properties makes it a popular choice for the process of sheet metal fabrication. From industrial equipment to consumer goods, there are many primary reasons why stainless steel is commonly used. Stainless steel ensures easy weldability and strong joints, and demonstrates toughness and high strength. 304, 316 and 430 are some of the best general-purpose steel used in sheet metal fabrication.
Stainless steel also reduces the risk of corrosion at welds and offers an excellent resistance to corrosion from adverse environments such as food industries, chemical processing and marine. The high level of cleanliness makes it easy to sanitize and clean. It also helps to achieve appearance with various surface treatments such as powder coating and bead blasting.
C) Galvanized Steel
Galvanized steel sacrificial zinc coating acts as a barrier between the metals and corrosive elements which ensures high-quality and long lasting product. It is also considered as an economical choice for many applications because it does not require any maintenance.
In addition, this steel increases overall efficiency and reduces cost by eliminating the need for coating, painting and various protective measures in sheet metal fabrication methods.
Galvanized steel is an environment-friendly choice because of its low initial cost, longer life and ease of fabrication. It is easily weldable and fabricated for various sheet metal fabrication applications.
2. Brass
Basically, brass is known for its gold-like appearance which offers a distinct aesthetic look in musical instruments, architectural embellishments and plumbing fixtures. It is an alloy of zinc and copper.
Brass is widely used in plumbing, manufacturing and construction, as it is easy to machine, fabricate and cut. It also provides good resistance to corrosion from a humid environment. It is suitable for decorative and functional applications that provides a good balance of flexibility and strength in sheet metal fabrication.
3. Copper
Copper provides reliable and efficient performance in various applications. In sheet metals, where electrical transmission or heat dissipation is essential, copper is the right choice to fabricate due to its high conductivity and ductility.
Copper can be easily formed and shaped into complex geometries. It also reduces the requirement of additional coating and treatment, which offers a natural resistance to corrosion. In addition, it is also useful in touch surfaces and medical equipment as it contains antimicrobial properties that restrict the growth of viruses and bacteria.
4. Aluminum
Aluminum is an ideal material for sheet metal fabrication. It is used in applications such as transportation industries, automotive and aerospace, where weight reduction is crucial. It reduces maintenance needs and ensures long-term performance .
Aluminum offers high thermal conductivity and flexibility that allows for complex assemblies and geometries. This material is less expensive. It is also highly recyclable and Eco-friendly. 6061, 5052, 3003 and 5083 are some of the grades which are primarily used in sheet metal fabrication.
5. Cold Rolled Steel
The enhanced mechanical properties of cold rolled steel is a favorable material used in sheet metal fabrication. This steel improves paint adhesion as it provides smoother surface finish. Due to the work-hardening that occurs during the cold-rolling process, it is stronger and harder compared to hot rolled steel.
Cold rolled steel is mainly used where exact measurement is needed as it allows for tighter dimensional tolerance that ensures accurate assembly and fabrication in sheet metals.
6. Hot Rolled Steel
Hot rolled steel has distinct properties and advantages. It is extremely malleable and easy to form, shape because it is produced at higher temperatures. It is used in large-scale applications, and is less costly as compared to cold rolled steel. The steel’s rougher surface and higher carbon content offers a strong bond between the weld and metal.
Hot rolled steel is beneficial to the sheet metals that do not need precise measurements. This steel is suitable for heavy-duty and structural applications as it is produced in larger gauges and sections. It is less brittle and more ductile which is easier to fabricate and weld.
Conclusion
Sheet metal fabrication is used in different applications and industries such as aircraft, construction, automotive, furniture and others. The selection of material is crucial as it impacts the appearance, cost of the final product and performance of the metal.
Therefore, it is better to choose the best material to be used in the fabrication that meets your specific requirements.